How can we calmly and peacefully learn how to serve as a local manager through quality communication and create conditions favorable for good teamwork? This training workshop offers experimenting with team management techniques and best practices.
INTER
IN-HOUSE
CUSTOM
Practical course in person or remote class
Disponible en anglais, à la demande
How can we calmly and peacefully learn how to serve as a local manager through quality communication and create conditions favorable for good teamwork? This training workshop offers experimenting with team management techniques and best practices.
At the end of the training, the participant will be able to:
Identify the management style adapted to one's team
Understand the team's levers of motivation
Accompany the team in routine management actions
Encourage the team and make it effective and cohesive
Intended audience
Team leaders, local managers already in their position or taking a new position.
Prerequisites
No particular knowledge.
Practical details
Hands-on work
Public speaking techniques. Quiz. Fun team unity exercises.
Teaching methods
Workshops and discussions followed by analysis and feedback from the trainer, gradual building of directly operational tools. Action plan.
Course schedule
1
Identifying one's missions and role as team manager
Leading an organization.
Coordinating work and reducing errors.
Developing the team's skills.
Setting individual and group goals.
Defining the roles of each person, regulating them.
Exercise
Mind Mapping workshop: building an employee growth plan
2
Be a motivating manager
Identifying and using tools for motivation.
Practicing recognition systems.
Hands-on work
Giving justified compliments about technical and social skills. Post-it game.
3
Practicing communicating as a team manager
Delegating a task.
Leading a daily briefing.
Give feedback.
Refocusing face-to-face.
Conducting the annual assessment interview.
Role-playing
Based on a chosen managerial scenario, each participant practices the interview methodology.
4
Preparing to lead a team
Finding the right positioning with respect to one's team.
How to communicate with each employee?
Adapting to your employees' communication channels.
Identifying each person's skills and area for improvement.
Role-playing
Dealing with the team's talents and resources as part of a project.
5
Improving the holding of meetings
Setting up the conditions for a successful meeting.
Experimenting with preparing and leading the meeting.
Serving as facilitator and moderating discussions.
Stating the action plan and the items to follow up on.
Exercise
Workshop game: building the longest bridge. Paper, scissors, and a ruler to experiment with communication in a project.
6
Strengthening team cohesion
Communicating with tact, diplomacy, and assertiveness.
Developing active listening.
Positively managing objections.
Accompanying conflict resolution stress-free.
Using stress management techniques.
Exercise
Relaxation and breathing techniques Quiz about tact and diplomacy.
Customer reviews
4,7 / 5
Customer reviews are based on end-of-course evaluations. The score is calculated from all evaluations within the past year. Only reviews with a textual comment are displayed.
BERTRAND L.
14/09/26
4 / 5
My experience over several years meant that I was already familiar with the principles and theory covered in the training course. A very good trainer whose communication style and teaching methods were very well suited to this course.
ARNAUD P.
14/09/26
5 / 5
The content was very interesting, but it might have been better spread over three days to allow for a more in-depth exploration of certain topics, such as the section on communication management.
EUPHÉMIE G.
14/09/26
5 / 5
A very interesting training course, and a great group. Thank you to the trainer, who provided us with a lot of useful information.
FABIEN R.
14/09/26
5 / 5
The training was very enlightening in terms of methodology, but above all in terms of how to conduct discussions. It provides us with the tools to manage more effectively.
VINCENT T.
14/09/26
5 / 5
Caroline managed her time well between the theory and practical sessions, making the training course easy to follow and enjoyable. Thank you.
LUDMILA H.
14/09/26
5 / 5
Excellent
CAROLINE D.
14/09/26
4 / 5
A very good programme, very useful
THEOPHILE P.
14/09/26
5 / 5
Top-class trainer, comprehensive training
LAURE D.
14/09/26
5 / 5
Interesting because it is based on real-life situations experienced by the various ‘pupils’
CYNTHIA G.
14/09/26
5 / 5
An excellent trainer; the training is very practical
ADRIEN R.
14/09/26
5 / 5
The trainer’s teaching methods are excellent
BAPTISTE K.
14/09/26
4 / 5
A very interesting training session with a very pleasant trainer!
CYRIL M.
14/09/26
4 / 5
Well
FLORIAN D.
14/09/26
5 / 5
It’s a good course, but it might be a bit short to cover all the topics in depth
MUKENDI M.
14/09/26
5 / 5
A brilliant training course! I learnt quite a lot, especially about open and closed questions. I think it’s going to be really useful to me in the future.
NICOLAS L.
14/09/26
5 / 5
We had some very good discussions with the trainer
MARIANNE L.
14/09/26
5 / 5
Jean-Max is a great teacher. He’s full of humour and covers lots of real-life examples. A very good course – I highly recommend it!
FELICIA I.
14/09/26
5 / 5
The content was very interesting, but I would have liked a longer and more in-depth training course on management practices
ETIENNE M.
14/09/26
4 / 5
A comprehensive course with interesting content and a highly professional trainer
FRANÇOIS W.
14/09/26
5 / 5
The training session led by Jean-Sébastien was very enjoyable and very informative. The experience was both friendly and informative.
ALISON P.
14/09/26
5 / 5
Jean Sébastien was very attentive; he adapts his approach to suit each person’s profile, which ensures everyone is included. The content is very interesting and met my needs. Working in small groups is enjoyable.
BENJAMIN B.
07/09/26
5 / 5
Some very good discussions, with plenty of constructive contributions.
KEVIN B.
07/09/26
5 / 5
The content is very clear, with diagrams to help readers better understand the mechanisms discussed.
SYLVAIN B.
07/09/26
5 / 5
Rich and highly interesting content. An excellent trainer who knows how to be both technical and engaging when required.
MIRABELLE B.
07/09/26
5 / 5
Informative and comprehensive. A very dynamic trainer who listens carefully and tailors the content to the needs of the trainees.
AURÉLIEN V.
07/09/26
5 / 5
Good pace, with themes following on quickly one after the other, and no exercises that are too long.
MOURAD N.
07/09/26
5 / 5
A very good training course. The best I’ve ever done on management.
FREDERIC B.
07/09/26
5 / 5
So dedicated, such a good listener – and what a performance! Well done
STÉPHANE M.
07/09/26
5 / 5
Very intense, but very good. A very pleasant trainer
DAVID B.
07/09/26
5 / 5
The trainer has extensive experience in delivering training courses. She has a wonderful, infectious energy.
THIBAUT M.
27/07/26
5 / 5
Highly relevant content suitable for everyone
OCÉANE F.
27/07/26
4 / 5
Interesting
ARTHUR G.
27/07/26
5 / 5
The topics and the quality of the information were very good
VASILE J.
27/07/26
5 / 5
Brilliant, thank you very much!
TOGUE CHRISTINE MURIEL F.
27/07/26
5 / 5
Very informative, with clear and detailed explanations
BINTA D.
27/07/26
5 / 5
The trainer was very skilled and communicated well. I learnt some new methods.
PASCAL D.
23/07/26
5 / 5
The role-play exercise is very informative
FLORENT D.
23/07/26
5 / 5
Véronique, the trainer, was excellent at identifying everyone’s expectations and organising the session accordingly. I particularly appreciated the role-play exercises and the practical examples, which effectively illustrated the methods presented and helped us to better envisage how to apply them in our day-to-day work.
MARINE C.
23/07/26
5 / 5
Véronique led the workshop with great enthusiasm, which, in my view, helped to create a very positive atmosphere within the group.
THOMAS B.
23/07/26
5 / 5
You can tell she’s a very passionate trainer. She’s a great teacher.
BENJAMIN F.
23/07/26
5 / 5
A special mention for Véronique, for her enthusiasm, her teaching skills and the way she shares her experiences.
ADELINE D.
23/07/26
5 / 5
The content is very comprehensive and practical; Véronique is an excellent teacher and really takes the participants’ backgrounds into account. She has been able to adapt to each individual’s needs
THOMAS C.
23/07/26
5 / 5
The content was interesting and met my expectations. The trainer was knowledgeable, friendly and a really good facilitator.
Very well, Eléonore adapted to our needs and linked the topics we wanted to cover with the relevant theoretical concepts.
KELLY B.
18/06/26
5 / 5
The course is very interesting; the content is comprehensive and, I think, covers all the topics; however, in two days, there isn’t enough time to cover them all during the course. It would be better if it lasted three days, with the same amount of content.
SÉBASTIEN B.
18/06/26
5 / 5
Two days is a bit short.
ANTHONY C.
18/06/26
5 / 5
Overall, a very good course delivered by an experienced trainer with a very interesting approach to management. My only regret is that the course didn’t last at least three days, as we ended up having to rush through certain points to fit everything into two days...
MARIE B.
04/06/26
5 / 5
A very good training course, with plenty of tools to help us manage effectively. The trainer tailored the course to our needs and gave us tips on very practical situations. A good, friendly group.
ESTELLE F.
04/06/26
5 / 5
A superb session led by Nicolas, who skilfully balanced theory with practical exercises. Nicolas’s analysis and debriefing following the practical exercises were very insightful and useful. A positive atmosphere that allowed us to learn in the best possible conditions.
MAXIME F.
04/06/26
5 / 5
A very good teacher who listens carefully
CHARLÉLY M.
04/06/26
4 / 5
The content is interesting and comprehensive enough to train someone with no previous management experience. Thank you!
MARINE G.
04/06/26
5 / 5
Pascale was brilliant! She was a great teacher and put us at ease straight away without judging us. Giving us practical exercises really helped us understand the practical side of things, and the examples really resonated with us! We were able to practise using real-life cases. Thank you for all your support, for your patience and for your help.
ANTOINE M.
04/06/26
5 / 5
Very interesting content, both from a manager’s and an employee’s perspective
AURÉLIEN A.
04/06/26
5 / 5
Highly relevant content that can be put into practice straight away. Interesting practical exercises
CLÉMENT L.
04/06/26
5 / 5
Very interesting, though I preferred the second day, which was more interactive, dynamic and collaborative. We didn’t have enough time to cover all the topics in depth, but that’s to be expected. Perhaps we could skip the meeting and do the NASA exercise after lunch to give us a bit more of a boost. Thank you for sharing your experiences.
THIBAULT R.
04/06/26
5 / 5
It’s very well-balanced; the topics are interesting and the exercises are well-suited
MOHAMED T.
04/06/26
5 / 5
I really enjoyed this training course.
JASON E.
04/06/26
5 / 5
Great, we’ve covered the key points and worked on some practical scenarios.
AURELIE B.
04/06/26
5 / 5
A good speaker, energetic, cheerful, with experience to share, and real-life examples
STEEVY D.
04/06/26
5 / 5
A dynamic and very interesting training course. It allows participants to share not only their experiences but also the challenges they face. This makes the course tailored to each individual, and there’s something for everyone.
BERENGERE F.
04/06/26
4 / 5
A trainer who adapts to her audience and alternates between theory and practice
GALL FABIENNE L.
04/06/26
5 / 5
A TRAINER who adapts to the group and provides a wealth of tools
YVAN W.
04/06/26
4 / 5
It met my expectations
CYRIL H.
04/06/26
5 / 5
a very good trainer
NICOLAS B.
04/06/26
5 / 5
Really pleased; a very interesting trainer
MATHIEU P.
04/06/26
5 / 5
A real treasure
MARTINE A.
04/06/26
5 / 5
A very good trainer. Interesting discussions accompanied by exercises
MARIO R.
18/05/26
5 / 5
Practical and dynamic content, with a focus on practical application.
SANDRA B.
18/05/26
5 / 5
A trainer with excellent teaching skills, who explains things clearly
RAPHAËL S.
18/05/26
4 / 5
Overall, a satisfactory course. A very engaging trainer. Lots of practical exercises.
HUGO L.
23/04/26
5 / 5
The trainer was excellent – attentive and full of enthusiasm. There was a good balance between theory and practical sessions.
ELODIE S.
23/04/26
5 / 5
comprehensive and clear
CLAUDE L.
23/04/26
5 / 5
Excellent training and top-class practical exercises
DAMIEN C.
26/03/26
5 / 5
Very satisfied with the topics covered, the discussions within the team and the trainer’s availability
SYLVAIN M.
26/02/26
5 / 5
We were able to cover the subject thoroughly, and there’s a good balance between practice and theory
FABRICE B.
26/02/26
5 / 5
a very good trainer
VALENTINE L.
26/02/26
5 / 5
It was all very interesting, with a lively and varied programme of activities.
ANDREA G.
26/02/26
5 / 5
It’s nice to be in a small group and work on real-life business cases
GILLES M.
26/02/26
5 / 5
Highly suitable
JÉRÔME D.
29/01/26
5 / 5
Very good trainer and very interesting content.
GAELLE G.
29/01/26
5 / 5
Very well done! Pedagogical and the training is very applicable for me in my professional environment.
CELINE D.
29/01/26
5 / 5
Dynamic discussion of different cases
MARION D.
18/12/25
5 / 5
Very good training, a trainer who listens and is passionate about what she does, relevant examples: it was a very instructive 2 days.
BERTHE O.
18/12/25
4 / 5
GOOD
LOÏC A.
04/12/25
5 / 5
good facilitation and listening skills on the part of the trainer and trainees
LÉNNAIC T.
04/12/25
5 / 5
A very good trainer who put people at ease and took the time to explain without losing the thread. Constructive training.
REBECCA G.
04/12/25
5 / 5
Nice reminder Thank you for these 2 days
ALISON L.
04/12/25
5 / 5
I really enjoyed the whole course and it was a pleasure to work with all these caring and professional people. Nicolas was a great teacher, he knew how to run the course and keep everyone focused on all the subjects. Thank you very much :)
MÉLANIE R.
04/12/25
4 / 5
Very well explained with good content.
ALEXANDRA R.
04/12/25
4 / 5
Clear content and explanations See how to put them into practice, as they are not necessarily obvious in my field.
AMÉLIE L.
04/12/25
4 / 5
I thought it was quite masterly
OULIANA K.
04/12/25
5 / 5
Quite comprehensive, professional and very interesting
FRÉDÉRIC C.
04/12/25
5 / 5
Good content flow
OANA C.
04/12/25
5 / 5
Very rewarding
FLORENT C.
04/12/25
5 / 5
Interesting content, covers the basics of management, Nicolas SIMON is a very friendly, dynamic and good listener.
LAUREEN B.
04/12/25
5 / 5
Very experienced trainer, content adapted to the company context. I particularly appreciated the many exchanges and concrete examples! Thank you very much :)
LAURIE D.
04/12/25
5 / 5
Great exchange, very educational, sharing of experiences.
CLAIRE P.
04/12/25
5 / 5
great teaching and rewarding feedback
ARABELLA B.
04/12/25
5 / 5
Jean-Marc is a very pleasant person. Above all, he knows how to provoke thought and has helped me to enrich my "toolbox", giving me the keys to progress in my managerial posture. Many thanks to him
LÉA D.
04/12/25
5 / 5
The content was very rich, with workshops and feedback to support the theory, and the trainer was very interesting and thought-provoking.
PIERRE B.
04/12/25
4 / 5
It's good training, as it's been almost two years since I've managed a team, so it's a good reminder! Thanks to Jean Marc
GWÉNAËLLE C.
04/12/25
5 / 5
I am very satisfied with these 2 days as much for the content as for the form as well as the meetings.
HALIMA B.
04/12/25
5 / 5
Clear, coherent content
EMMANUEL M.
04/12/25
5 / 5
The training was comprehensive and the documents projected were clear. I liked the role-playing with the other trainees. Our trainer Vanessa was very attentive to our needs and a good trainer who taught us a lot.
PUGA AURÉLIE D.
04/12/25
5 / 5
Comprehensive and constructive content, ideal teaching methods
CLAIRE H.
04/12/25
5 / 5
Our trainer was captivating, a very good teacher and gave us an enormous amount of knowledge. Thanks to all
JADE N.
27/11/25
4 / 5
Practical content tailored to individual situations
CYRIL G.
27/11/25
5 / 5
Very interesting because it alternates theory with practice based on real cases experienced by the trainees.
ALEXANDRE V.
27/11/25
4 / 5
Absent
TAIEB M.
27/11/25
5 / 5
Very satisfied
ALICE G.
27/11/25
4 / 5
Listening and adapting to individual objectives
NICOLAS M.
27/11/25
5 / 5
Very good content, competent trainer
FARID L.
27/11/25
4 / 5
I enjoyed the discussions and the quality of the content.
STEPHANE A.
20/11/25
5 / 5
isabelle, your content is really great, and it gave me a lot of food for thought about my future job. Thank you for your training, Isabelle, and I wish you all the best for the future.
SILVA FREDERIC D.
20/11/25
5 / 5
Excellent training thanks to Isabelle
FRANÇOIS C.
20/11/25
4 / 5
A good progression between a reminder of the basics at the beginning of the session and then a progression towards innovations. I got a bit confused when we talked about AI, but I'll have to get on with it... The group work seemed a bit short to me, because by the time everyone had reformulated their vision of the proposed case and exchanged ideas, it was difficult to present a complete feedback.
SOLÈNE V.
20/11/25
4 / 5
Jérôme is a great teacher and takes the time to listen and respond. Very constructive discussions
SEMEDO LILIANA G.
20/11/25
5 / 5
Clear and appropriate.
FREDERIC D.
20/11/25
5 / 5
It's my first management training course and most of the content, I think, will help me in certain situations and I've learnt not to say or do certain things. The way it was run was pleasant and the group varied and interested. I had no idea of the content, I was satisfied because I was perhaps expecting other things, but I think that the additional material provided will help me more, so very positive.
CECILIA B.
20/11/25
5 / 5
Thank you very much for your various tips and methods. I now have some new marbles to bring to my team and build something more stable.
VANESSA D.
20/11/25
5 / 5
Various analysis toolsVaried contentTheoretical and practical teaching methods that are very accessible
JULIE C.
20/11/25
4 / 5
On the whole, the training was satisfactory, although I would note that the introduction/presentation was a little long (+1h). The role-playing exercises were relevant and encouraged discussion.
MARIAM P.
20/11/25
5 / 5
Very instructive
ERWAN T.
20/11/25
5 / 5
This training course was very rewarding and answered a lot of my questions about my management.
SILVA FRÉDÉRIC D.
20/11/25
5 / 5
A very good and rewarding discussion, with perfect support
ELISABETH F.
20/11/25
5 / 5
very pleased and very rewarding
VALÉRIE R.
13/11/25
5 / 5
We listened carefully to everyone's problems and suggested approaches. Serene and sympathetic explanations
CHRYSTELLE A.
13/11/25
5 / 5
The course covers a wide range of subjects, using real-life situations, tests and practical examples. This allows you to project yourself into professional reality.
GEOFFROY M.
13/11/25
5 / 5
There was a lot of sharing of experiences, anecdotes and situations that accompanied the theory, which was very interesting and instructive.
FRÉDÉRIC N.
06/11/25
5 / 5
A top-class trainer and very relevant participants.
JEAN-MICHEL O.
06/11/25
5 / 5
Good, interesting training. Very good trainer.
GLWADYS M.
06/11/25
5 / 5
Great group and very dynamic trainer. Everyone took part
ERIC G.
06/11/25
5 / 5
Superb training with a superb trainer. Well done to the trainer for the content, the format, the atmosphere and the friendliness.
RÉMY P.
06/11/25
5 / 5
Very instructive. The training exceeded my expectations and gave me the tools to understand the manager's job.
JEREMY S.
06/11/25
5 / 5
Super interesting
NICOLAS F.
06/11/25
5 / 5
Very interesting and well-run course which enabled me to discover methods to apply
CÉDRIC P.
06/11/25
5 / 5
Affordable, clear content with plenty of examples and sources of information. Competent and committed trainer.
Very well suited to my needs. Interactive and dynamic, giving you the keys and tools to tackle management issues with greater peace of mind.
ANAIS G.
06/11/25
5 / 5
Very clear and practical answers to our questions
NORBELY LAURA S.
06/11/25
5 / 5
A very committed trainer who knows how to rally people around the subject, whatever their level of knowledge. Ability to analyse and personalise the answers she gives to help everyone improve their skills. Transparency and sincerity are a guarantee of quality.
MATHIEU M.
06/11/25
5 / 5
A very good coursePerfectly comprehensive over the 2 daysWith good practical application through exercises
JEAN-PIERRE M.
06/11/25
5 / 5
density and pedagogy
STEPHANE C.
06/11/25
5 / 5
Once I have assimilated all the tools provided, I will be able to change certain behaviours.
BOCCHINI F.
06/11/25
4 / 5
I don't really like frontal lessons with a trainer. I prefer a more informal style of education. No frontal. More dialogue.
FLORENT S.
06/11/25
5 / 5
A lot of content in the course. It's a high-quality course that teaches you a lot about both the management profession and yourself. During the course, you're encouraged to do some real work on yourself.
LAURIE W.
06/11/25
5 / 5
I feel better equipped for my day-to-day managerial tasks
SABIHA S.
06/11/25
5 / 5
very interactive and effective training with role-playing exercises
JOACHIM D.
06/11/25
5 / 5
Thank you Anne for this training course, made all the more interesting by the way you led it.
PHILIPPE D.
06/11/25
5 / 5
Exchange-oriented. Constructive sharing of experiences between different profiles.
CHRISTELLE B.
06/11/25
4 / 5
Anne is smiling and above all a great listener. I admire the way she manages such a diverse group. The course was rich in exchanges.
RODNEY L.
06/11/25
4 / 5
Very good
FRANCISCO G.
06/11/25
5 / 5
It has given me new management tools.
CYRIL L.
30/10/25
5 / 5
Interaction between participants and staging
HUAN N.
30/10/25
4 / 5
Very good, physical support would have been a plus
MHAMED M.
30/10/25
5 / 5
Very interesting, very well organised and very lively.
FRANCK C.
16/10/25
5 / 5
The content met my expectations.
ROMAIN F.
16/10/25
5 / 5
As expected and interesting
LIUDMYLA C.
02/10/25
5 / 5
I appreciated the clarity of the explanations and the concrete examples that will be useful in my work.
SINDY B.
02/10/25
4 / 5
I would have appreciated a little more training
GINY G.
02/10/25
4 / 5
Very comprehensive training for a basic course.
YANN C.
02/10/25
4 / 5
This course has shown me how to better fulfil my role as a manager, especially in the way I communicate with my colleagues.
SOPHIE S.
02/10/25
3 / 5
The content is based on basic concepts, presented in a succinct manner. This approach is particularly suited to novice managers, enabling them to acquire the fundamentals they need to start their role gradually.
SANDRINE R.
02/10/25
4 / 5
However, despite the sub-group work, I felt that the video format was less suited to this training course because it didn't allow for role-playing with analysis and reflection on professional posture and non-verbal behaviour. I'm missing a bit of work on posture during simulations, for example. Overall, interesting and dynamic contributions and discussions; the trainer was adaptable and pleasant.
ANTOINE P.
02/10/25
4 / 5
Allowed me to apply theory to my intuitive practice
JEAN-CHARLES C.
02/10/25
4 / 5
As far as the content is concerned, I would have liked to have found a little more help in looking for weak signals that the members of the team might be feeling unwell.
PARTICIPANTS
Team leaders, local managers already in their position or taking a new position.
PREREQUISITES
No particular knowledge.
TRAINER QUALIFICATIONS
The experts leading the training are specialists in the covered subjects. They have been approved by our instructional teams for both their professional knowledge and their teaching ability, for each course they teach. They have at least five to ten years of experience in their field and hold (or have held) decision-making positions in companies.
ASSESSMENT TERMS
The trainer evaluates each participant’s academic progress throughout the training using multiple choice, scenarios, hands-on work and more.
Participants also complete a placement test before and after the course to measure the skills they’ve developed.
TEACHING AIDS AND TECHNICAL RESOURCES • The main teaching aids and instructional methods used in the training are audiovisual aids, documentation and course material, hands-on application exercises and corrected exercises for practical training courses, case studies and coverage of real cases for training seminars.
• At the end of each course or seminar, ORSYS provides participants with a course evaluation questionnaire that is analysed by our instructional teams.
• A check-in sheet for each half-day of attendance is provided at the end of the training, along with a course completion certificate if the trainee attended the entire session.
TERMS AND DEADLINES
Registration must be completed 24 hours before the start of the training.
ACCESSIBILITY FOR PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES
Do you need special accessibility accommodations? Contact Mrs. Fosse, Disability Manager, at psh-accueil@orsys.fr to review your request and its feasibility.
This programme is an original creation, developed by the teaching teams at ORSYS Formation. Any reproduction, representation, adaptation or use, in whole or in part, without the prior written authorisation of ORSYS, is strictly prohibited. ORSYS reserves the right to take any action necessary to protect its intellectual property rights.
This programme is an original creation, developed by the teaching teams at ORSYS Formation. Any reproduction, representation, adaptation or use, in whole or in part, without the prior written authorisation of ORSYS, is strictly prohibited. ORSYS reserves the right to take any action necessary to protect its intellectual property rights.